Tristate City
Three countries, one urban network
over 43 million inhabitants
The Netherlands, Flanders and North Rhine-Westphalia, viewed as a single city. Not an administrative level, but a way of looking at things: anyone who lives, works, conducts research or runs a business here looks across three borders.
Maastricht lies at the centre. Brussels, Cologne and Düsseldorf are all within 100 kilometres as the crow flies.
Sources: CBS (1 January 2026, provisional), Statbel (1 January 2026), IT.NRW (end of 2024). Distances as the crow flies from the Vrijthof.
The Netherlands
The country beyond the Meuse
18.1 million inhabitants
An economy worth over 1,100 billion euros. The Wennink Report sets out what the country needs to do; the border region is barely mentioned. That is where Tribunal comes in.
Sources: CBS, population 1 January 2026 (provisional), GDP 2024: €1,122 billion; the Wennink report, December 2025.
Flanders
Across the Meuse lies Belgium
6.9 million inhabitants
Belgian Limburg borders Maastricht; Hasselt is 26 kilometres away, Antwerp and Brussels less than 100. The same language, a different system.
Source: Statbel, population of the Flemish Region on 1 January 2026: 6,898,350.
North Rhine-Westphalia
The largest federal state, right next door
18.0 million inhabitants
Germany’s most densely populated federal state. Aachen is 29 kilometres away, Cologne 90, and Düsseldorf 87. A market as big as the whole of the Netherlands, just across the border.
Source: IT.NRW, population on 31 December 2024: 18,034,454.
Euregio Meuse-Rhine
Five regions, three countries, one area
± 4 million inhabitants
South Limburg, Belgian Limburg, the Province of Liège, the German-speaking Community and the Aachen region. Around 250,000 businesses, five universities and approximately 110,000 students. Cooperation since 1976.
Sources: IHK Aachen (population, businesses); YouRegion, 2020 (universities, students).
Maastricht
The connector
1992 Treaty of Maastricht
On 7 February 1992, the treaty establishing the European Union was signed here. Today, Limburg is home to four Brightlands campuses: Chemelot, Maastricht Health Campus, Greenport Venlo and the Smart Services Campus. Maastricht University’s ITEM Institute assesses the cross-border effects every year.
Tribunal has deep local roots. From here, we bring that strength together around one table.
Sources: Treaty on European Union (1992); Brightlands; ITEM, Cross-Border Impact Report 2025.